How to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project

Step by step instructions to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project The heating pop and vinegar spring of gushing lava is what might be compared to a fountain of liquid magma. Clearly, its notâ the realâ thing, however its cool no different! The heating soft drink well of lava is likewise non-poisonous, which adds to its allure. It is a great science venture which can assist kids with finding out about compound responses and what happens when a spring of gushing lava emits. This venture takes around 30 minutes to finish. Did You Know? The cool red magma is the aftereffect of a concoction response between the heating pop and vinegar.In this response, carbon dioxide gas is delivered, which is additionally present in genuine volcanoes.As the carbon dioxide gas is created, pressure develops inside the plastic container, until the gas bubbles (on account of the cleanser) out of the fountain of liquid magma. Fountain of liquid magma Science Project Materials 6 cups flour2 cups salt4 tablespoons cooking oilwarm waterplastic soft drink bottledishwashing detergentfood coloringvinegarbaking dish or another pan2 T preparing pop Make the Chemical Volcano To begin with, make the cone of the preparing soft drink spring of gushing lava. Blend 6 cups flour, 2 cups salt, 4 tablespoons cooking oil, and 2 cups of water. The subsequent blend ought to be smooth and firm (more water might be included if needed).Stand the soft drink bottle in the heating container and form the batter around it into a fountain of liquid magma shape. Dont spread the opening or drop batter into it.Fill the container almost the whole way full with warm water and a touch of red food shading (should be possible before chiseling on the off chance that you dont take such a long time that the water gets cold).Add 6 drops of cleanser to the jug substance. The cleanser helps trap the air pockets created by the response so you show signs of improvement lava.Add 2 tablespoons preparing soft drink to the liquid.Slowly empty vinegar into the container. Watch out - ejection time! Test with the Volcano While its fine for a youthful agent to investigate a straightforward model well of lava, youll need to include the logical technique in the event that you need to make the spring of gushing lava a superior science venture. Here are thoughts for approaches to try different things with a preparing soft drink fountain of liquid magma: Make a forecast about what occurs on the off chance that you change the measure of preparing pop or vinegar. Record and dissect the impact, if any.Can you consider approaches to change the well of lava to cause the emission to go higher or last more? This may include changing the synthetics or the state of the spring of gushing lava. It assists with recording numerical information, for example, the volume of fluid, the tallness of the magma, or term of the eruption.Does it influence your spring of gushing lava on the off chance that you utilize an alternate sort of concoction to shading the fountain of liquid magma? You could utilize gum based paint powder. Take a stab at utilizing tonic water rather than standard water to get a spring of gushing lava that sparkles under dark light.What occurs in the event that you substitute different acids rather than vinegar or different bases as opposed to preparing pop? Instances of acids incorporate lemon juice or ketchup. Instances of bases in corporate clothing cleanser and family unit alkali. Use alert on the off chance that you substitute synthetics since certain blends can be perilous and produce unsafe gasses. Dont try different things with fade or washroom cleaners. Including a touch of food shading will bring about red-orange magma! Orange appears to work the best. Include some red, yellow, and even purple, for a brilliant showcase.

Facing poverty with a Rich girls habits Essays

Confronting neediness with a Rich young ladies propensities Essays Confronting neediness with a Rich young ladies propensities Paper Confronting neediness with a Rich young ladies propensities Paper Suck Kim, the essayist of Facing Poverty with a Rich Girls Habits, endeavors to portray the battles of changing from an extravagant childhood to a destitution stricken way of life. She recounts to the narrative of how her family had to move to the ghettos of Queens from South Korea after her dads organizations dove monetarily. She had to learn numerous aptitudes that would assist her with getting by In this outside spot she had recently entered. Things like figuring out how to identify with others her age, setting off to the Laundromat, and riding open transportation were everything she needed to become acclimated to. Likewise, she portrays how school life was so not the same as back home. Children were Infinitely isolated by social class and at times even ethnicity. She states how instructors werent as regarded In America as they were In South Korea. She felt Like the main spot where she could genuinely communicate were her E. S. L classes. Little comments of bigotry from her schoolmates, for example, FOB (new off the pontoon) TLD appear to nerve her presumably in light of the fact that she didnt realize what these words implied at that point. Another issue was figuring out how to do undertakings all alone. Things Like doing schoolwork without assistance from somebody and cleaning without house cleaners were not things she was familiar with. She fought an inward clash with race. At the point when she came to America in addition to the fact that she became Asian, yet in addition a minority. Since everybody in South Korea was a similar skin tone or race it wasnt exceptionally simple to segregate. Anyway in the Unites States, its standard for one individual or even a couple of individuals to be singled out.

2 Classes For 0 Credit Beethoven to Mahler and Paradise Lost

2 Classes For 0 Credit Beethoven to Mahler and Paradise Lost Beethoven to Mahler Last semester, I took my first music class at MIT: 21M.235, or Monteverdi to Mozart. 21M.235 is offered in the fall, and as you might guess it focuses on music spanning from Monteverdi (ca. 1600) to Mozart (ca. 1800). In the spring, a class called 21M.250 (Beethoven to Mahler, for you words people) takes up the baton and covers music spanning from Beethoven (a Mozart contemporary) to Mahler (ca. 1910). I loved having a class that taught me to listen, and was all set to take 21M.250 this semester until I found out that it conflicts with one of my physics classes. My friend Ben H. 14 was in a similarly tragic situation: he took 21M.235 with me, wanted to take 21M.250, but had a conflict. What were two music nerds to do? We e-mailed Professor Neff, the WONDERFUL wonderful professor who in the past few years has taught 21M.011 (Introduction to Western Music), 21M.235, 21M.250, and 21M.295 (American Popular Music). Professor Neff! we (digitally) cried. We were hoping to take Beethoven to Mahler, since we really enjoyed Monteverdi to Mozart last semester. Unfortunately we both have class conflicts. We were wondering, we continued, whether there might be any opportunities to listen to the music ourselves and discuss it with you. Hello! Professor Neff replied, fewer than ten minutes later (I mentioned that shes wonderful, right?) That sounds wonderful to me! As a result of that e-mail exchange, I now spend one hour each Thursday afternoon with Ben and Prof. Neff. We meet in a little room in the Music Library, that has three comfy armchairs and a big TV. This week, I learned that to be a great composer in ~1800 Vienna you had to excel at writing symphonies, string quartets, AND operas. I was unsurprised to learn that Mozart made the cut, but was shocked to learn that Beethoven didnt. In Vienna, Prof. Neff told us, Beethoven was known as a pianist and not as a composer. I was also shocked to learn that Beethoven may have met Mozart. Im not sure how to describe why this seems so strange to me, but its something like this: each of those composers is, in my mind, an abstract idea and not a human being. The idea of them interacting is just bizarre. But yes, apparently Beethoven went to Vienna in order to work with Mozart. Theres controversy in the music history community about whether and for how long they actually met (an afternoon? a week?) but for some reason their partnership never took off. Beethoven went to study under Haydn instead (ahh! more weird spacetime collisions!) and theres a lot less controversy about the fact that their student-teacher relationship existed for years and was a complete disaster. Also a disaster, at least initially, was Beethovens one and only opera  Fidelio. Apparently insensitive to current events, Beethoven tried to produce an opera about wrongful imprisonment for a French-occupied Vienna. His primarily French soldier audience was not amused the first time he tried to put it on, and they were not amused the second time he tried to put it on. By the third attempt, Napoleon was gone and Fidelio was much more well-received. (Is there anyone else out there who had NO IDEA that Beethoven wrote an opera, or was that just me?) We spent the first ten minutes of class or so watching and listening to a scene from Fidelio (notable because four characters express four very different emotions using the exact same melody, in a round) and the last ten minutes listening to the Sonata Pathétique. I didnt recognize the name of the piece, but my ears recognized the melody and apparently my fingers did, too: I had the ghostly experience of feeling them begin to move on their own accord. I was suddenly very certain that I played that piece as a kid. Muscle memory is a magical phenomenon, and so are professors who are happy and excited to do an extra hour of teaching per week, just for fun. Paradise Lost I will always remember John Miltons 400th birthday: December 9, 2008. I was a junior in High School. In the morning, Mr. Potchatek got up on a table in the English pod with an apple in one hand and a copy of  Paradise Lost in the other, and I dont think he got down again until he had read the entire book  out loud from start to finish. Here at MIT, Professor Mary Fuller teaches a renown Paradise Lost seminar in the spring. Every spring, I try to fit Paradise Lost into my schedule, and every spring I fail. The thing is, its very difficult to get through any literature class without stumbling across a reference to Paradise Lost and feeling embarrassed about the fact that you havent read the original text. Tragically,  my Old English class  conflicts with Prof. Fullers course this semester. Thats tragic, Anna! Professor Bahr replied, fewer than ten minutes later, and then: Id be happy to read it with you. As a result of that e-mail exchange, I now spend one hour each Thursday afternoon with Prof. Bahr (immediately after hanging out with Prof. Neff and Ben). We meet in his office. This week, I learned that Milton was actually something of a rebel: he was a powerful influence during the English Revolution that lost King Charles I his head, and held office (he was basically the Secretary of State) in Cromwells protectorate. When the English monarchy regained power, many of Miltons friends were executed for treason. Being an acclaimed poet saved Miltons life. Milton was revolutionary in other ways: he wrote a treatise advocating for divorce and freedom of speech, one or both of which might sound completely normal to you but were about as revolutionary as 1600s England could be. By the time Milton wrote Paradise Lost, he was completely blind. So far Ive only read Book One of the poem, but its impossible to read all his descriptions about Darkness in Hell and Light in Heaven without wondering what it would be like to live in complete darkness on Earth. On the 22nd line of the poem, Milton calls on God to bless his work: What in me is dark Illumine, what is low raise and support, That to the heighth of this great argument I may assert Eternal Providence And justify the ways of God to men. and one cant read that passage without wondering whether he meant it literally. I promise that Im actually taking some science classes this semester, so stay tuned for a description of those. For now, Ill leave you with my favorite passage so far from Paradise Lost: The mind is its own place and in itself Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven. (254-5)

Analysis Of The First Circumnavigators - 1163 Words

Brent Sather Professor Halavais History 376 27 September 2017 Exploration of the World Throughout Harry Kelsey’s book, â€Å"The First Circumnavigators†, as well as, Roger Crowley’s book â€Å"Conquerors†, they both explain many misfortunes and hazards that the Spanish and Portuguese explorers faced during the various expeditions that set sail on. Many misfortunes that happened on the voyages included bad weather, scarce food, individual faults, as well as attacks and invasions. One of the major misfortunes that Harry Kelsey describes is the difficulty of the changing weather. For example, Magellan accounts on his voyage that, â€Å"On 6 April 1522, the Trinidad, after undergoing extensive repairs and with fifty-four men aboard, left Tidore and†¦show more content†¦All of this was the cause of death for many and serious illness for others. In particular, many men ate the great lizards-large shiny things-and only a few of them are still alive.† The survival of the crew was one of the biggest priorities. This was one of the bi ggest hazards that the crew had to deal with. On Magellan’s Voyage, â€Å"The next day was Easter Sunday, and Magellan ordered everyone to go ashore and attend Mass. After this he invited the officers to dine with him on the flagship. None of the conspirators accepted the invitation. Instead, they waited until nightfall, then quietly boarded the San Antonio and put Captain Mesquita in chains. The ship’s master, Juan de Elorriaga, was fatally stabbed when he tried to intervene.† These individual actions by traitors on the ship created many unfortunate situations between the crew members that could have been avoided. During another part of the Magellan Voyage, it was stated that, â€Å"Finally on 18 December, the vessels were ready to sail. The Victoria left first, waiting outside the harbor. But a dragging anchor on the Trinidad opened a seam in the hull, and water rushed in. Repairs were impossible without unloading the ship.† This was an individual action that could have been avoided. If the anchor was brought in before the boat was launched, it would have saved them more time for travel, as well as more room for the crew if they weren’t piled in one boat having to come back later for

Augustus s Influence On Art And Architecture - 1930 Words

Introduction: In 27 BC Augustus began his political career with a â€Å"new policy which embodied a national and Roman spirit† (Galinksy, 1996, 225) and â€Å"represented new heights in creativity and sophistication† (Galinksy, 1996, 225). Augustus created a new political propaganda campaign that used art and architecture to promote and enhance his regime. The most fundamental message can be regarded as to establish the legitimacy of his rule and to portray him as the natural successor of Rome, as this is consistently presented throughout the visual programme. Yet factors such as the restoration of the Republic, reviving the old religion, nationalism and militaristic triumph can also be seen to be communicated prominently through art and architecture. Legitimacy of Augustan Rule: The art and architecture in the Augustan regime fundamentally reflected the new order and glorified the position and power of Augustus. Initially, at the beginning of his political career, Augustus wished to portray himself appropriately, therefore devised a new image as the first leader of the restored Republic. The academics Walker and Burnett comment that this plan included the melting down of eighty silver statues of Augustus, as the metal was â€Å"considered inappropriate for images of living persons and should be reserved for gods† (Walker and Burnett, 1981, 17); the silver was then offered to the Temple of Apollo. Nevertheless, Augustus’ intention to limit the use of his image can appear to beShow MoreRelatedClassical Roman Art Vs Early Christian There are many similarities and differences between800 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Roman Art Vs Early Christian There are many similarities and differences between Classical Roman and Early Christian Art. What particularly stands out to me is how much these two cultures have in common when it comes to their art and architecture. 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Traffic Problems Free Essays

[pic] A research Report on Traffic problems in Big Cities (Islamabad) [pic] By: Aqsa Shahzadi (100827) Basharat Jamil (100811) Kaneez Amna (100869) Sidra Tul Muntaha (100809) Hamza Ashraf (100803) Submitted to: Mr. Naveed Ahsan Business communication BBA-3B [pic] Air University Islamabad [pic] Table of Content Contents Page No 1. Introduction3 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Traffic Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Core issue:3 1. 2 Purpose:3 1. 3 Scope3 1. 4 Methodology3 1. 4. 1 Findings5 3. Traffic jams in different areas of Islamabad city8 4. Causes of Traffic Problem. 9 5. Solutions to Traffic Problems10 6. Limitations11 7. References11 8. Interview Questions. 12 [pic] 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 CORE ISSUE: Our core issue is traffic problems at the entrance areas of Islamabad. Why mostly traffic jams in these area and how traffic is controlled in those areas by the traffic police. 1. 2 PURPOSE: People suffer a lot of problem due to traffic jam. We must give solutions to control traffic and avoid traffic jams. Students, teachers, office workers face problems because sometimes due to coming late they miss their meetings and face other problems as well. 1. 3 SCOPE: We are working at the entrance areas of Islamabad i. e. Barakow and Golra. Sometimes due to heavy protocols people face traffic jams. Major traffic jams are at school and office timings. We also face traffic problem on Friday. We will give solutions to the problems to solve this issue. 1. 4 METHODOLOGY: We adopted two types of methodologies which are as follow: 1. Quantitative methodology. 2. Qualitative methodology. [pic] QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGY: We collect data through questionnaire. Our sample space is 30. We distributed 30 questionnaires among the students of Air University. We collected data from both male and female students. 15 questionnaires were filled by female students and 15 were filled by male students. We will also give the analysis report of our survey. pic] [pic] 1. 4. 1 FINDINGS After survey the responses of male and female students with percentage is given below: |Â  Q. NO. |QUESTIONS |MALE |FEMALE | | | | YES | NO | YES | NO | |1. |Buses and trucks creating traffic problem. |93. 33% |6. 67% |86. 67% |13. 33% | |2. |Signals helping to control traffic. |86. 67% |13. 33% |93. 3% |6. 67% | |3. |Tr affic police performing his duty well. |80. 00% |20. 00% |53. 33% |46. 67% | |4. |Long routes creating a lot of problems. |33. 33% |66. 67% |46. 67% |53. 33% | |5. |Traffic problems are cause of accidents. |80. 00% |20. 00% |93. 33% |6. 67% | |6. |More roads reduce traffic jam. |80. 00% |20. 00% |80. 00% |20. 00% | |7. |Small roads and number of cars are the causes of traffic |100. 00% |0. 00% |80. 0% |20. 00% | | |problems. | | | | | |8. |Are you satisfied from the process of selecting players for |100. 00% |0. 00% |93. 33% |6. 67% | | |different games? | | | | | |9. |More cars due to bank financing are also causes of traffic |60. 00% |40. 00% |66. 67% |33. 33% | | |problem. | | | | | |10. Old cars and trucks are creating traffic problems. |66. 67% |33. 33% |66. 67% |33. 33% | |11. |Lack of traffic sense among people is also a cause of traffic |100. 00% |0. 00% |93. 33% |6. 67% | | |problems. | | | | | |12. |Government is taking steps to avoid traffic jams. |33. 33% |66. 67% |40. 0 0% |60. 00% | |13. |Government is creating awareness among people about traffic. |33. 33% |66. 7% |33. 33% |66. 67% | |14. |Civil administrations fail to solve traffic problems. |66. 67% |33. 33% |66. 67% |33. 33% | |15. |Non-custom vehicles contributing to increase traffic. |80. 00% |20. 00% |100. 00% |0. 00% | [pic] The following graph is showing the responses of males in Yes/No and also in percentage. [pic] [pic] The following graph is showing the responses of females in Yes/No and also in percentage. [pic] QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY: We interviewed one of the police officers at Golra. The questions we asked from him are attached at the end of this report. [pic] 3. TRAFFIC JAMS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF ISLAMABAD CITY [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] 4. CAUSES OF TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: 1. Small roads for the number of cars and motor cycles. 2. Broken roads in some areas as people don’t like to move from the broken part so traffic increases on rest of the road. 3. More cars due to bank financing. Now everyone can afford a car so more cars are there on the road. 4. Old cars and trucks. Government doesn’t have a clear policy about old cars and trucks. Even 30 years old cars are still running on roads like foxy Suzuki. . Lack of traffic sense amongst the people. People don’t have traffic sense. Traffic police and media should play their role in creating traffic sense amongst the people. [pic] [pic] 5. SOLUTIONS TO TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: 1. First we have to use more often the public transport. This is the best solution. Also we would recommend to walk a little more or to ride a bicycle. 2. Have a proper public transport system and it is in our hands to reduce the use of our car every day by using public transport. 3. Make the conditions of roads good, Make more lanes on the road and making alternative routes. 4. Create traffic awareness amongst the people though media and other sources. 5. Traffic problems can be reduced by either increasing road capacity (supply), or by reducing traffic (demand). 6. Different timing of starting and closings of offices and schools to avoid the rush in the morning, afternoon and evening on roads. 7. Make strict laws make them force able through traffic police. Government should put their best efforts to avoid traffic jams and other traffic problems. 8. Old cars should be scrapped and bank financing should be for commercial cars only. [pic] [pic] [pic] 6. LIMITATIONS: 1. Convince Problems. 2. Non availability of traffic police officer. 3. Hard university scheduled. 4. Police officer was not willing to give interview. 7. REFERENCES: ? www. google. com ? www. wikipedia. com ? Police officer [pic] 8. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. 1. What difficulties do you face in controlling the traffic? 2. Do people follow the rules and regulations? 3. Do people cooperate? How is their behavior? 4. How do you manage the traffic when there is a rout? 5. How do you act when there is accident and what are your precautions? 6. Rush hours create a problem for you. How do you manage? How to cite Traffic Problems, Papers

When Pigs Heads Talk Essay Example For Students

When Pigs Heads Talk Essay What are you doing out here all alone? Arent you afraid ofme? asks a pigs head on a stick, covered in flies. But its more that,its an entity, which is hidden within the depths of the book,concealed for the reader to discover. The book Lord of the Flies byWilliam Golding contains symbolism all throughout the text, eachsymbol to be interpreted in its own way. The main symbol in Lord of the Flies is quite obviously, the Lordof the Flies, which as aforementioned, is a pigs head on a stick,covered in flies. The symbol represents the evil within the boys thatreside on the island. Each one corrupt in his own, fearing whatresides within them. Jack with his macho attitude, while he is aleader, has actually took part in killing someone, but then again, sohas every boy there. This evil could also be interpreted as a loss ofinnocence, in which the boys spiral from helpless little tykes tovoracious savages, living only to kill. Another symbol, is just the flies residing upon the sows head. They seem to represent people that cling to evil, as though it wouldtheir only chance of survival. An example of that would be a cannibal,whose own desires have led him to feast upon flesh, and then, evenwhen he knows that what he has done is wrong, he continues to do ituntil his disgusting gorging has ended with his capture andpunishment. Oddly enough, the flies are feeding on rotting flesh aswell. Simon, the boy murdered by his peers, can be viewed as aChrist figure. While some may say it is Ralph, Simon seems more likea savior. He comes down from the mountain, bearing news of theboys salvation from the beast that torments him and he is persecutedby them, each one taking part in the frenzy of his death. He alsoseems to be knowledgeable about things the boys cant comprehend. He is always off in his own little world, pondering something thatmost boys wouldnt even consider thinking about. Yet another symbol in Lord of the Flies would the conch, whichRalph clings to so dearly. All of the boys see that as the upholding oforder, until Jack claims it not so. With the shattering of the conch,Ralph seems to plummet into a slight depression, wherein he hasnothing to remind of the upright and strict ways of his home. Withoutit he is nearly lost in a sea of his thoughts, buses as an example. The reader could also view Piggys glasses as a symbol ofsocieties unspoken rules. They bring fire, what started the rise ofcivilization as well as power, which in turn brings authority anddiscipline. Piggy though, seems unfit to hold that position of power,so the glasses are always used by those who deserve the power tolight the fire. Only when Jack, the power-grubbing boy, is gone, doesPiggy use his glasses to light the fire. This is also when Ralph is in anunfit leader attitude, he is moping about losing his followers. PerhapsPiggy was just trying to feel like he was needed, when in all reality,he was of no practical use to anyone at all. Lord of the Flies by William Golding is an excellent novel filledwith tons of symbolism. The reader truly gets an experience fromdeciphering each one, in his or her own way.Words/ Pages : 558 / 24

Bias in the Media essays

Bias in the Media essays News broadcasters have a basic job , that of supplying their viewers with the facts. With this occupation news anchors and reporters can remain seen as human beings, humans with feelings and opinions. However, their job is not to reveal these to the public. Viewers should be able to feel confident that a program will be sharing factual information on subjects and then they will be able to form their own opinions and judgments. Unfortunately with many of todays newsmakers this ideal can not always be made possible. The number of democratic party members is very high in journalism. In fact in a 1996 survey, as reported in a book titled Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News by Bernard Goldberg, a considerable eighty nine percent of journalists voted for Bill Clinton in the presidential election compared to only a forty-three percent vote from the general American population. In particular primary news sources, CNN, CBS, NBC and ABC have long been viewed my many people as possessing and distributing a liberal tone (1). Many viewers are easily swayed to more liberal ways of thinking due to the structure of the reporting by these newscast stations. Many viewers however can realize that the women and men of television are political partisans. They take the facial expressions, aside comments and tone of voice, used by these professionals light heartedly and it has been accepted. However it becomes unaccepted when their political opinions bring about falsities delivered to the public as facts. On September 8th of this year CBS news anchor, Dan Rather, reported documents concerning President George W. Bushs Air National Guard service during his nightly show 60 minutes. Details of the documents included that Bush had been receiving requested special treatment in order to avoid his service commitments. Mr. Rather spent most of the following week defending his sources and the l...

Rainbows and Blue Skies

Rainbows and Blue Skies Introduction When we look around, there are many questions one would want to ask. Although most of the answers are found through academic approaches, the truth is that the broadness of this discipline makes it challenging to exhaust every natural phenomenon. Among the many questions asked is the explanation for the color of the sky. Have you ever imagined why the sky is not another color but blue? Is it natural or there are contributing factors which make it blue?Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbows and Blue Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Could it be as a result of our natural color blindness that makes us perceive it to be blue? Definitely the questions are countless. This research paper explores reasons, findings, theories and the truth, which surrounds the blue color of the sky and the occurrence of rainbows. In order to achieve this, the research mainly analyses findings, gathered from reput able sources, including but not limited to online articles and books. Blue sky When observed on a clear day, without clouds, mist or dust, the sky always appears blue. Although there are several theories, which explain this concept, it is believed that the blue color is as a result of atoms of oxygen and nitrogen found in the atmosphere (Jacobs 1). Due to the presence of these particles, the white light from the sun is separated into several colors, which are then scattered all over in the atmosphere. Additionally, based on scattering properties of these colors, it has been found that blue light has a wavelength that scatters in the atmosphere better than any other color. This means that blue light dominates the atmosphere, making the sky to appear blue when observed by the human eye (Rea 10). On the other hand, the sun appears orange and red during sunset because the blue light is usually scattered far away from the visible line. This scientific phenomenon that explains light scatt ering and the appearance of the sky is commonly referred to as the Tyndall effect or the Rayleigh scattering. Tyndall effect This theory was put forth by John Tyndall in 1859, explaining the color of the sky. According to his discovery, blue wavelength is shorter and gets scattered better than other wavelengths, when light is passed through a fluid with particles. From a real life perspective, this can be illustrated by shining white light through water that has soap or milk. When observed from the side of the container holding the water, it is possible to observe the beam of white light by the blue light, which is scattered (Mara 23). However, the light that is observed at the end of such an experiment appears red after the beam has passed through the entire vessel of water.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A filter of polarized light can also be applied to i nvestigate the scattering nature of light. This can be compared to the deep-blue appearance of the sky, when viewed through sun glasses. Although the concept is commonly known as the Tyndall effect, many physicists refer to it as the Rayleigh scattering, based on the studies that were done by Lord Rayleigh a few years after it was proposed by John Tyndall in 1859 (Rea 10). In their explanations, Rayleigh and Tyndall argue that the blue color of the sky is attributed to the presence of water droplets in form of vapor and dust particles in the atmosphere. However, if this were true, color variation in the sky would be a common occurrence due to ever-changing humidity. Based on this argument, it was agreed that the presence of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere is the most appropriate explanation for the blue color of the sky (Jacobs 1). This was fully backed by Einstein in 1911 when he developed a formula applied in determination of scattering light in different molecules. The resu lts were acceptable as they had experimental evidence. From this discovery, it was also observed that the scattering of light by molecules is made possible because light waves have an electromagnetic field, responsible for dipole moments in these molecules. Even though the sky is blue, it is clear that clouds appear white in color when observed. This is based on the fact that they contain particles, which are believed to be greater than the wavelength of light (Mara 23). As a result, all wavelengths are scattered equally, a concept that is commonly known as the Mie scattering. However, the possibility of smaller particles in the atmosphere cannot be ruled out. This explains why some regions are famously known because of their blue haze. It is believed that the interaction between terpenes and ozone leads to the formation of tiny molecules that are approximately 200nm in diameter (Jacobs 2). Importantly, these particles give an explanation for the blue color. Nevertheless, an eruptio n or forest fire may emit particles into the atmosphere, which end up scattering the red light. In such cases, the results would depict the opposite of the Tyndall effect. Consequently, the moon may appear blue since red light is commonly scattered out. However, it is important to note that blue moon is a very rare phenomenon (Rea 10). Rainbows Besides observing a clear blue sky or clouds, human beings equally get fascinated by rainbows. How are rainbows formed? From Greek mythology, rainbows were believed to be the path for a messenger of gods known as Iris. On the other hand, Norse mythology proposed that a rainbow acted as a link between human beings and their gods (Lee and Fraser 33).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbows and Blue Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these myths make the understanding of the rainbow quite fascinating to human beings. Are they natural in existence or they are fo rmed? These questions have been answered by scientists who spent their time analyzing the scientific explanation for the existence of the rainbow. A rainbow can be described as arc that appears in the sky with colored light. A fact to note is that rainbows have a relationship with water droplets and light. It is believed that this arc forms due to reflection and refraction of light, mainly from water droplets, arising from rain or mist in the atmosphere (Lee and Fraser 322). In other words, rainbows occur when there is splitting of white light into different colors, caused by water. In this line of thought, it is important to underscore the fact that when light falls on a drop of water, it enters into the drop. This penetration allows refraction of various light colors, depending on their respective wavelengths (Dwyer 4). Additionally, this separation of refracted light is similar to the analogy of the glass prism effect. Furthermore, the position of a rainbow is very important with regard to its relationship with the sun. Under whatever circumstances, a rainbow naturally occurs on the opposite direction of the sun as viewed by an observer (Dwyer 10). This position is crucial in explaining why rainbows mostly appear in the afternoon, when the sun is slightly low in the sky. If this occurs in the afternoon, the arc usually appears to the east of the person observing it and to the west if it occurs in the morning. On the other hand, the shadow of the observer is always at the center of the arc, with the rainbow forming the upper segment of the circle. Besides the position of the rainbow, it is worth noting that the angle of reflection of its light to the eye is 42o to the initial ray of light. Its bow-shape is believed to be a portion of the cone of light that is blocked by the horizon (Dwyer 10). Another important fact about rainbows is that no one can move ahead of it. If you tried to overtake the rainbow to be on the other side, it would appear moving, thus m aking it impossible to see the end of a rainbow. Moreover, every person sees a different rainbow since the angle measured is based on the observer’s eye contact with the refracted light from the sun through a drop of water (Lee and Fraser 322). This therefore means that every rainbow observer is usually at the center of the cone formed by colored light. It is sometimes possible to observe a complete circle of the rainbow when flying or at the top of a mountain.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the above analysis, it is clear that the blue sky and the rainbow are fascinating natural phenomena, whose existence has an array of scientific and traditional explanations. However, the two are closely linked to properties of light, with regard to the scattering effect. Nonetheless, contributions of John Tyndall, Lord Rayleigh and Einstein remain paramount in the understanding of this concept. Dwyer, Jacqueline. Rainbows. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2001. Print. Jacobs, Marian. Why Is the Sky Blue? New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 1999. Print. Lee, Raymond, and Fraser Alistair. The rainbow bridge: rainbows in art, myth, and science. Pennsylvania: Penn State Press, 2001. Print. Mara, Wil. Why Is the Sky Blue? Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2006. Print. Rea, Thelma. I Wonder Why the Sky Is Blue. New York: Rosen Classroom, 2000. Print.

Art in Context - Andy Goldsworthy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art in Context - Andy Goldsworthy - Essay Example Background and Philosophies of Goldsworthy Goldsworthy was born and grew up in Britain and is best known for his naturalistic work in photography, sculpture and site – specific art. Goldsworthy was born in 1929 and lived until 2001. His earlier life was spent by the green belt, a community specific for the naturalistic elements which were a part of the area. This was combined with the work which Goldsworthy began at the age of 13 as a farmhand. In 1974, Goldsworthy studied fine arts at the Bradford College of Art followed by his studies at Preston Polytechnic. He became a professor of applied mathematics at the University of Leeds and remained in Scotland and England for the rest of his life. His works continue to carry the same influences with the installations of the natural settings as well as the belief that nature is one which is not only based on the natural reflections and settings, but also has forms of artistic elements combined with the setting, all which are disturb ing and should be noted with his works (Malpas, 2008: 15). The artistic elements that are throughout Goldsworthy’s work are combined with the philosophies which he carried throughout his life. The main component which was the basis of Goldsworthy’s work was from what is now considered eco – art. This used the natural elements, patterns and frameworks of nature to combine into the main ideologies of the art works. By highlighting the natural patterns that were in nature, there was also the ability to show the values which were in society. The aesthetics were combined with this by focusing on the geometries, natural patterns and the elements of nature which stood out because of the values seen in ecological systems. Goldsworthy found pride in his works by showing how nature was one which shouldn’t be considered as an element of sameness, but instead, was based on the understanding that noticing the patterns also allowed one to notice art (McLean, 2002: 1). Works of Goldsworthy and Contextual Relevance There are several elements of Goldsworthy which were noted not only for his personal thoughts, but also which were relevant to the context of the time. The work of the time was one which was based on the growing of industrialization, factories, machinery and construction jungles of the cities that were emerging at a rapid rate. The work of Goldsworthy rejected the unnatural status which most were referring to. This came from the rebellion against artists such as Andy Warhol, who represented the artistic works of the time through concepts such as Campbell’s Soup. The take which Goldsworthy represented was one which sent the message that nature should still be looked into and considered as a main component in nature. The ideal was to move back into nature and to release the wild, as opposed to constructing the new out of the machinery which was quickly emerging at the time (Adams, 2003: 5). An example of the works which showed a reb ellion against the machinery was in â€Å"Reed Screen† as seen in image 1. Image 1: Reed Screen This particular installation piece was inclusive of the reeds of a tree which were intertwined like a spider web. In the middle of this was the shape of a tree from a sculpture which Goldsworthy

Coronary Heart Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coronary Heart Disease - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that coronary heart disease is caused by a waxy substance named plaque forms up inside the coronary arteries. The arteries which carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. If the plate breaks, a blood clot will be formed on its surface, which will block the flow of blood into the coronary artery causing heart failure. The research will emphasis on the possible causes of the coronary disease as well as its prevention mechanisms. In line with the research carried out by the national institute of health in Merced country California, coronary heart disease is one of the diseases that cause most deaths in the city. In relation to the quantitative data, Merced is rated to be the 46th in the number of death used b coronary heart disease basing on the age, the mortality rate in the year 2006-210, 25 deaths per 110,000 of the population caused by coronary heart disease. Moreover, 16,000 people in Merced County alone diagnosed with coronary heart di sease which 9% of the total population of Merced County. In addition, obesity being one of the causes of coronary heart disease is also ranked top have affected 29% of the total population of Merced County, showing that greater possibility of an increase in death rates caused by coronary heart disease. Most of the research conducted has got a positive impact on the people of Merced County at large. Because the facts gathered apparently shows the causes of coronary heart disease, and how it can be avoided and prevented at the same time.

Receptors in Intestinal Muscles

Receptors in Intestinal Muscles The experiment was conducted in order to gain better understanding of the function of the receptors in the guinea pig ileum. For this reason, various agonists and antagonists were used and the muscle reaction was monitored. The results of our experiment are summarized in the following table. As we can see acetylcholine and hexamethonium both have a triethylamine at one end and a straight chain of carbons. The basic difference is that hexamethonium has two tertiary amines, one on each end of the chain, whereas acetylcholine has the group -O-C(=O)-CH3 on one end. According to the SAR theory (Structure Activity Relationship) similar molecules in structure tend to have similar biological activity. As we know, both acetylcholine and hexamethonium bind to the nicotinic receptor, the first one to trigger a response and the second one to prevent acetylcholine from binding. Hexamethonium, having two active groups, can probably bind more easily to the receptor, effectively blocking the acetylcholine action. b) Histamine and mepyramine have less similarities in structure. Both of them have three nitrogen and an aromatic ring. Histamine has the two nitrogen inside the aromatic ring whereas mepyramine has only one nitrogen bound in the ring. Both compounds bind to the H1-Histamine receptor, to trigger different reactions. The difference in structure can be explained by the different action of the two compounds. Histamine causes contraction of the muscle and mepyramine causes its relaxation. The drugs tested were classified as agonists and antagonists. Acetylcholine: Acts as neurotransmitter. It binds on the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and causes muscle contraction. Histamine: Is also a neurotransmitter. It binds on the H1-Histamine receptor and causes smooth muscle contraction. Nicotine: It acts on the nicotinic cholinergic receptors and mimics the neural transmission. It stimulates the muscle, then blocks stimulation. Isoprenaline: Although isoprenaline was apparently an antagonist, it is actually a selective agonist for the ÃŽÂ ²- adrenergic receptors that causes muscle relaxation. It is a sympathomimetic drug that mimics the effect of stimulating the postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Hexamethonium: It is a nicotinic antagonist and a ganglionic blocker. It binds to the nicotinic cholinergic receptors and blocks the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. It has no effects on muscarinic (mAch) receptors. Mepyramine: It is a histamine H1 antagonist and targets the H1- Receptor. Although it was believed to be an antagonist merely to block the actions of endogenous histamine without activating the receptors, it has recently been classified as an inverse agonist decreasing the spontaneous activity of gp-H1r. It also inhibits histamine induced inositol phosphate (InsP) production and intracellular calcium mobilization. It causes a marked decrease in the maximal response to histamine at high concentrations. Atropine: It is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAch). It binds to the receptor without activating it, thus blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists. a) The drug in this experiment were acting on three receptors. H1-Histamine receptors, muscarinic (mAch) receptors and nicotinic (nAch) receptors. Each agonist was acting on a different receptor and that is apparent from our results. When using an antagonist that blocked a specific receptor it only inhibited the action of the drug acting on that particular receptor, and had no effect on the rest of the drugs. b) The receptors were obviously located on the surface of the muscle, so that the access of the drugs would be possible. The first apparent antagonist which turned out to be an agonist was isoprenaline. It acts on the ÃŽÂ ²- adrenergic receptors causing muscle relaxation and antagonized all the three agonists who acted on different receptors. This type of antagonism is called a physiological antagonist and describes the interaction of two drugs who cause opposing actions in the body and tend to cancel each other. In this case, the isoprenaline acts on the ÃŽÂ ²- adrenergic receptors and causes relaxation of the muscle, whereas the agonist act on the histaminic, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and cause contraction of the muscle. The second apparent antagonist was mepyramine, which acts on the histamine receptor and blocks the action of histamine. It has recently been classified as an inverse agonist, causing muscle relaxation. This type of agonists show selectivity to the resting state of the receptor. Atropine acts on the muscarinic receptors and blocks their action. Thus it prevents acetylcholine from binding to the receptor and stimulating it. Nicotine though activates the nicotinic receptor that apparently has nothing to do with atropine. The reversal of nicotine action indicates the presence of inhibitory postganglionic (terminal) neurones, which respond to stimulation of their ganglion-cells by inducing relaxation of the gut. It is also suggested by other experiments [Phillis York, 1968] that an intermediate type of receptor is involved. Assuming specificity of the antagonist these studies are explained by a non-classical cholinergic receptor with mixed pharmacological properties. Such receptors are the newest members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, encoded by the ÃŽÂ ±9/ÃŽÂ ±10 subunits, that possess a combined nicotinic-muscarinic sensitivity. Barium Chloride is a water soluble salt. Once in contact with the muscle it induces release of intracellular stores of calcium, and causes the contraction of the muscle. If barium chloride comes in contact with sodium sulphate it loses its potency. That is explained by the chemical reaction between the two compounds. Molecular equation: BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)> BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq) ionic equation: Ba+2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + SO4-2(aq) > BaSO4(s) + 2Na+(aq)+2Cl-(aq) These reactions show that once in contact with sodium sulphate, the barium chloride dissolves into BaSO4 which is an insoluble substance and NaCl. Thus, it can no longer act on the muscle. That type of antagonism is called Chemical Antagonism and it refers to the situation when two substances combine in solution; as a result, the effect of the active drug (in this case the barium chloride) is lost. The drugs were tested on guinea pig ileum which is a smooth muscle.

Ermo Essay

Ermo, directed by Zhou Xiaowen in 1994, takes place in the 1980’s when China first began to actively accept the concept of globalization. â€Å"Ermo, where the title character as the strong-willed wife of an emasculated husband† (Tang 654), explores the issues of being a matriarch as well as an individual with her own interests and desires. Compared with traditional Chinese women who were relegated to taking care of the household, Ermo is drastically different because she is the one who attends to the financial needs of her family by selling twisty noodles. Although she is a poor, peasant woman whose life revolves around the responsibilities of taking care of of her family, Ermo harbors secret ambitions which she longs to someday achieve. Fueled by her ambitions, Ermo works day and night to fulfill her aims even as she attends to her loved one’s needs. Her characteristic as responsible matriarch can also be seen when she risks her health by selling large quantities of her blood in order to earn quick money. In the film, every action that Ermo takes is a result of her free will; she is not forced or coerced to do so. Everything that she does, she does for the love of her family. The female lead in the movie is willing to do anything to support her family, which is a marked characteristic of contemporary Chinese films. The role of Ermo is a strong departure from the traditional roles of women in Chinese society. Ermo’s profession is examined in two ways: Noodle seller during the day and noodle maker during the night. In the very beginning of the film, the shot shows her as a noodle-seller on the street, peddling bunches of twisty noodles that she herself made. She yells â€Å"mai mahua mian lou† (twisty noodle for sale) (Ciecko 2) constantly. This scene particularly emphasizes her profession and skills for selling twisty noodles. There are also several close-up shots of her foot while she is making noodle dough. Ermo kneads flour with her feet, and she does it expertly, never dropping any of flour. This shot makes a statement as to the technical skills her work requires and the passion and dedication with which Ermo does her job. While generally regarded as a lowly job, it is actually a very demanding job requiring sophisticated skills. The opportunity to pursue a rewarding career among Chinese women is a fairly recent development because the women in China never had the opportunity to choose their job. Ermo’s desire can be read in various ways: desire for a better life, desire for a fulfilling sexual relationship, and desire for self-determination. Ermo’s â€Å"wish for a new life with a [Blindman, the richest guy in the town] after an amorous night halfway between town and village, expresses her desire to desire and constitutes an inspired revision of reality† (Tang, 668). This satisfies both her sexual desire and desire for better life. She also desires for having the biggest TV in her town, which at first may seem materialistic, but may actually be construed for her need to achieve and be acknowledged for her accomplishments. Although she says that she needs to buy the TV for her son so that he does not have to go to their neighbor’s house to watch, it is really her own aspiration to show people who she really is. Based on strong Confucian society, Chinese women have been traditionally relegated to the sidelines, but as China begins to open itself to changes, so do Chinese women begin to evolve and come out into their own. As examined above, â€Å"the central events in Ermo reflect a new stage in the development of contemporary Chinese society† (Tang, 663). As portrayed in this modern Chinese film, women are able to attend to their family without necessarily having to sacrifice their own dreams and ambitions in the process.

Liberal and Conservative View About the Role of Government

As long as there have been politics in the United States, there has been a productive tension between liberal views and conservative views. These differences are most clearly demonstrated by the disparate views on subjects such as education, taxes and public health care. Liberals and conservatives have different views about the role of government. While liberals; currently represented by the Democratic Party; and conservatives; currently represented by the Republican Party; both believe that education, tax policy, and public health are important issues for the United States; they have different beliefs about the best approach for these policies. Liberals tend towards policies that empower the central government through large all encompassing programs. On the other hand, conservatives prefer locally run programs that are not the same in all communities but may produce results more consistent with community preferences. Currently, no topic provides a better example of the difference between conservatives and liberals than education policy. The liberal belief is that education policy is best when dictated from Washington D. C. with federal education subsidies contingent upon state and local government compliance with federal mandates. Conservatives believe that federal money should not be based on specific agendas developed in Washington D. C. but instead should be granted to state and local governments in the form of grants. These grants do not have strings attached and can be used for state and local education priorities. Conservatives and Liberals also disagree about where education dollars should be spent. The liberal view is that children should go to public schools regardless of quality, they believe that public education efforts and money should be directed towards public schools. Conversely, conservatives believe that children in non-performing schools should have the option to go to private school at public expense. Their view is that competition between public and private schools will improve both. Nobody likes tax time. Liberals and Conservatives both agree that taxes are unavoidable. Their beliefs about the use of taxes and tax policy are very different, though. Liberals seem to believe that taxes are a federal entitlement. They believe that tax money should be spent by the government on large government programs that provide services to people instead of by the taxpayer themselves. Furthermore, liberals believe that tax policy should be used to provide wealth distribution from the rich to the poor. This is most clearly demonstrated by the Earned Income Credit (EIC); the EIC is a tax provision that allows people to receive more in tax refunds than were paid in actual taxes. Conservatives on the other hand truly view taxes as a tool to provide for the common good; they differ from liberals in their approach. They believe that free market forces can more efficiently run large programs than the government can. They believe that large government programs are not inherently productive and taxpayers should be given wide latitude about the use of their money for services that directly affect them. Healthcare is another area where conservatives and liberals find very little common ground. Both sides agree that everyone needs health care, but they disagree what the government†s responsibility should be. Liberals believe that it is the government†s responsibility to provide cradle to grave health care. They believe this should be provided by government regulated quasi-HMO organizations funded by tax dollars. Conservatives think that the government has limited health care responsibility. They believe that the government should provide tax incentives to people so they can buy their health insurance; additionally, they believe that the government should provide limited health care to the poor and the aged. Two statements can best sum up the differences between conservatives and liberals. Conservatives believe in limited government and that government†s responsibility is to create an economy and environment where people can earn decent wages thereby making them self-sufficient. Liberals believe government†s responsibility is to provide for the people and conversely, the people should provide for the government. The truly interesting thing is that the extreme conservatism or fascism and extreme liberalism or communism, have both fallen into disfavor in the last few decades. I believe that this country was founded on conservative principles. Conservatives and liberals have very different views about the way this country should be run and the role of government, which everyone should listen to carefully.

The Poverty Of The United States - 1755 Words

Poverty can be defined as a condition that people suffer from due to lack of economic resources. For being such a prosperous country, the United States possesses a persistent problem. The problem is the poverty rate in America and how it has become a force that continuously grows. One fact that American citizens are not aware of or do not wish to implement in their minds is that nearly 50 million people in the United States live in poverty. Amongst the 50 million people in the United States that live below the poverty line, over 5 million more were women than man. This phenomenon as to in which women experience poverty at far higher rates than men is described as feminization of poverty, a term coined by Diana Pearce in 1978 (3: Thibos).†¦show more content†¦One of his main arguments was that federal welfare became so generous that it led to women preferring unwed motherhood and indolence over getting married and obtaining jobs (315: Edin and Lein). An associate professor of sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Kathryn Edin, teamed up with Laura Lein, a senior lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, in order to express whether the benefits of living off the welfare program in the United States actually enabled single mothers to make ends meet. Edin and Lein conducted a study by interviewing 379 single mothers in Boston, Charleston, Chicago, and San Antonio and displayed their studies in â€Å"Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers Survive on a Welfare Check†. Amongst these single mothers, 214 were welfare-reliant mothers and they were the people that Edin and Lein focused on in order to test the assumption of whether the welfare system was being abused or not. All 214 of these women and their 464 children relied on the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the government income transfer program for poor families that consisted of non-elders. On average these single mothers spent $213 a month on housing, $262 on food, $336 on other necessary expenses, and $64 on items that were not necessarily essential. This summed up to be a total of $876 being spent on an average family of 3.17 people. Although the money they were receiving was helping them reach their goal of